Energy and Drive Systems

1. Explain and identify about energy and development of society, energy sources and there use, impacts on human and environment of electricity production
2. Explain and identify importance of Sustainable Development of energy sectors, goals of Sustainable Development and purpose of Sustainable Development indicators
3. Explain basic functioning of power system (production, transmission, distribution of electricity).
4. Explain basics of electromechanical and electrical conversion. Recognize electric machine types. Quote parts of electric drive.
5. Recognize and comparedifferent types of energy and drive systems.
6. Interpret the basics of energy conversion in various types of energy and drive systems.
7. Calculate the basic characteristics (eg, thermodynamic, hydrodynamic, aerodynamic) of certain types of energy and drive systems.
8. Recognize the operating characteristics of certain types of energy and drive systems.

Course lectures are organized through 2 study cycles. First cycle consists of 7 weeks of lectures and mid-term exam. Second cycle consists of 6 weeks of lectures and final exam. Lectures are held through total of 15 weeks with weekly load of 2 hours.

Calculation of elements from lectures.

The tasks for the preparation of the written exam 4 times in semester.

1. Lectures: Introduction: energy and development of society, general terms, energy sources (coal, natural gas, oil, nuclear na renewable) and there use. Energy sector environmental impacts in general. Energy sources in the world (production and consumption of energy in the World and forecast for the future). Croatian energy strategy. Sustainable Development: introduction in technological, political, economic and ecological effects of sustainable development to energy sectors and society. Exercises: Primary and transformed energy. Final consumption. Characteristics of energy sources.
2. Lectures: Basic about power system. Electric energy: production, transmission, distribution and use of electricity. Electricity consumption. Specificity of power systems. Exercises: Power quality indicators in distribution networks.
3. Lectures: Apparent, active and reactive power, diagram of electricity consumption, peak power, lighting, power quality. Electricity end use and rationale consumption of electricity. Tariff systems for electricity and reduction of electricity costs (analyse of daily diagram of electricity consumption, electric motors, transformers and capacitors for compensation of reactive power). Exercises: Electricity bill. Calculation of apparent, active and reactive power. Diagram of electricity consumption, peak power. Compensation of reactive power.
4. Lectures: The structure of an electromechanical energy conversion system and the basic laws. Basic types of electric machines, their structure and characteristics. Basic ways for all electric machine types control. Exercises: Electric machines basic parameter calculations.
5. Lectures: Power transformers. Types and properties. No-load operation, short-circuit operation, loading, parallel operation. General structure of an electrical drive system. Concepts, definitions, motion equations. Drive components, motors, power converters, transmissions, working mechanisms, power supplies, transformers. Classifications and characteristics of drives. Exercises: Electric drive basic parameter calculations.
6. Lectures: Substations and switchgear systems design. Characteristics and selection of the main elements of plants and distribution networks. The basic scheme of the main circuits. Protection in power plants and distribution networks of medium and low voltage. Overvoltage protection. Network rules. Exercises: The main elements of the equipment (busbars, insulators, switches), low voltage switching devices, the secondary systems, circuit diagrams of the main currents, the protection of the power system. Connecting the power plants to the power system.
7. Lectures: Mid exam Exercises: Mid exam
8. Lectures: Steam and gas turbines: The working principle and design of the turbine. Geometrical characteristics of axial turbine stage cascade. Analysis of forces on the rotor blades. Reaction of the turbine stage. Energy conversion in the turbine stage and the work and relative blade efficiency. Characteristics of the turbine stage. Multistage turbines with velocity and pressure staggering. Determining of the dimensions of the blades. Losses and isentropic efficiency. Reheat factor. Types of turbine control. Radial turbine stage. Cooling of the gas turbines. Polytrophic efficiency. Exercises: Calculation of basic thermodynamic and aerodynamic characteristics of axial turbine stages: velocity triangles, reaction, the forces on the blades, work, losses, efficiency, height of blades, etc. Calculation of basic thermodynamic and aerodynamic characteristics of radial turbine stages: velocity triangles, reaction, the forces on the blades, work, losses, efficiency, height of blades, etc.
9. Lectures: Turbocompressors - Part I: The working principle and design of the axial and radial (centrifugal) compressors. Geometrical characteristics of turbocompressor cascade. Sheme and geometrical characteristics of axial and radial stage. The real pressure increase in stage. Stage reaction. Exercises: Calculation of basic thermodynamic and aerodynamic characteristics of axial turbocompressor: velocity triangles, reaction, the forces on the blades, work, losses, efficiency, height of blades, etc.
10. Lectures: Turbocompressors - Part II: Energy conversion and losses. The flow and load coefficient. Characteristics of the compressor stage. Unsteady work of turbocompressor (pumping and stall). Multi-stage compressors and their characteristic. Diffuser at radial compressor. Exercises: Calculation of basic thermodynamic and aerodynamic characteristics of centrifugal (radial) turbocompressor: velocity triangles, reaction, the forces on the blades, work, losses, efficiency, height of blades, etc.
11. Lectures: Pumps and fans - Part I: The working principle and design of the single-stage centrifugal and axial pumps and fans. Schemes of pumps and fans. Impeler. Radial cascade. Axial cascade. Non-stationary working regime. Multistage centrifugal pumps. Characteristics of pumps and fans. Exercises: Calculation of basic hydrodynamic and geometric characteristics of centrifugal and axial pump: velocity triangles, reaction, the forces on the blades, work, losses, efficiency, height of blades, etc.
12. Lectures: Pumps and fans - Part II: Similarity-recalculation of characteristics of geometrically similar machines. Dimensionless characteristics of pumps and fans. Specific speed. Cavitation in pumps. Exercises: Calculation of basic aerodynamic characteristics of radial (centrifugal) and axial fan: velocity triangles, reaction, the forces on the blades, work, losses, efficiency, height of blades, etc.
13. Lectures: Internal combustion engines - Part I: Reciprocating engine details. The two-stroke cycle. The four-stroke cycle. Piston position. Valve timing diagrams. The petrol engine. The carburettor and full injection. Ignition system. Modern ignition systems. The complete petrol engine. The oil engine. The full pump. The injection nozzle. The complete oil engine. The reciprocating gas engine. Exercises: Calculation of basic thermodynamic and geometric characteristics of two-stroke and four-stroke internal combustion engine.
14. Lectures: Internal combustion engines - Part II: Engine trials - engine characteristics: Torque. The rope brake. The Prony brake. The hydraulic dynamometer. The electrical dynamometer. Brake power. Indicated power. The engine indicator. Indicated mean effective pressure. Calculation of indicated power. Friction power. Indication power by Morse test. Mechanical efficiency. Brake mean effective pressure. Fuel consumption. Thermal efficiency. Relative efficiency. The energy balance or energy audit. Typical graph shapes. Exercises: Measurements on the internal combustion engine, the calculation of characteristic parameters ​​and drawing of characteristic diagrams.
15. Lectures: Final exam Seminar: Final exam